Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2025
11:57
Studying Protein Function and the Role of Altered Protein Expression by Antibody Interference and Three-dimensional Reconstructions
Published on: April 21, 2016
6.7K
Classification, function, and advances in tsRNA in non-neoplastic diseases.
Liou Zhang1, Jie Liu2, Yang Hou3
1Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Cell Death & Disease
|November 17, 2023
Summary
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are key regulators produced under stress. These small RNAs show promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for non-cancerous diseases.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are generated from tRNA processing during cellular stress.
- They are categorized into tRNA fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-derived stress-induced small RNAs (tiRNAs).
- Recent advancements in sequencing have revealed their diverse biological roles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the classification, biological functions, and therapeutic potential of tsRNAs.
- To explore tsRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in non-neoplastic diseases.
- To highlight the emerging role of tsRNAs in disease pathology.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of tsRNA research.
- Analysis of high-throughput sequencing data.
- Examination of tsRNA involvement in various cellular processes and diseases.
Main Results:
- tsRNAs regulate apoptosis, epigenetics, cell communication, translation, and gene expression.
- Aberrant tsRNA expression is linked to various non-neoplastic diseases.
- tsRNAs have demonstrated potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Conclusions:
- tsRNAs are crucial molecules with significant biological functions.
- tsRNAs hold promise for diagnosing and treating non-tumorigenic diseases.
- Further research into tsRNA applications is warranted.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Types of RNA
63.8K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
63.8K
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
34
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
34
02:39lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
8.6K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.6K
03:18Non-LTR Retrotransposons
11.5K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.5K
01:51Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
5.1K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.1K
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
16.8K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.8K