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The enmity paradox.

Amir Ghasemian1, Nicholas A Christakis2

  • 1Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. amir.ghasemian@yale.edu.

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|November 17, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enemies have more enemies than you do, a finding supported by data from rural Honduras. This "enmity paradox" reveals how social network structures can distort our perception of the social world.

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Area of Science:

  • Social network analysis
  • Sociology
  • Network science

Background:

  • The "friendship paradox" posits that individuals' friends typically have more connections than they do.
  • This phenomenon highlights how network structure can influence individual perceptions.
  • The existence of a similar "enmity paradox" in negative social networks remained unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and characteristics of the "enmity paradox" in social networks.
  • To explore the "mixed-world paradox" considering both positive and negative social ties.
  • To examine the "generalized enmity paradox" for non-topological attributes.

Main Methods:

  • Empirical analysis of social network data from 24,678 individuals in 176 villages in rural Honduras.
  • Theoretical modeling of network structures to understand paradox conditions.
  • Symmetrization of antagonistic interactions to create negative undirected networks.

Main Results:

  • The "enmity paradox" was empirically confirmed: individuals' enemies have more enemies on average.
  • In mixed networks, friends tend to have more enemies than the individual.
  • The "generalized enmity paradox" was validated, showing enemies can possess more of certain attributes.

Conclusions:

  • The "enmity paradox" is a real phenomenon in negative social networks.
  • Network structures, both positive and negative, can systematically bias individual perceptions.
  • Understanding these paradoxes is crucial for accurately interpreting social dynamics and attribute distributions.