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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Three-dimensional Rendering and Analysis of Immunolabeled, Clarified Human Placental Villous Vascular Networks
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Placental evolution from a three-dimensional and multiscale structural perspective.

Davis Laundon1,2, Neil J Gostling2,3, Bram G Sengers2,4

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|November 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating placental evolution requires viewing placentas as 3D structures. This multiscale approach quantifies evolutionary diversity and function, moving beyond qualitative categories for better nutrient transfer insights.

Keywords:
evolutionmammalmicroscopyplacentathree-dimensional

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Comparative anatomy

Background:

  • The placenta facilitates crucial physiological exchange between mother and fetus.
  • Despite conserved functions across placental mammals, radical structural diversity exists, with selective pressures poorly understood.
  • Traditional qualitative categorization of placental structures may hinder accurate assessment of nutrient transfer efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Viewing placentas as integrated 3D structures is key to quantitatively understanding their evolutionary diversity.
  • This multiscale 3D approach can reveal insights into nutrient transfer efficiency and selective pressures.
  • The proposed methodology is transferable to the evolutionary study of other organ systems.