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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Ectopic Lingual Thyroid-A Rare Presentation.

L Asokan1, M Sunitha1, Nagaraj Kirupananthan1

  • 1Department of ENT, Sri Muthu Kumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 069 India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|November 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ectopic lingual thyroid, a rare condition, occurs when the thyroid gland fails to descend. This case highlights a large lingual thyroid in a male patient causing significant swallowing and voice issues, successfully treated with surgery.

Keywords:
Ectopic Lingual ThyroidSupra Hyoid ApproachSurgical Excision

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Lingual thyroid is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from the embryonic thyroid gland's failure to descend to its normal position.
  • Ectopic thyroid tissue in the base of the tongue can lead to various symptoms depending on its size and location.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an unusual case of a large ectopic lingual thyroid in a male patient.
  • To describe the diagnostic features and successful surgical management of this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation and radiological findings of a 29-year-old male with dysphagia and phonation difficulty were analyzed.
  • Surgical intervention was performed using a suprahyoid approach.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with disproportionate pressure symptoms due to a huge ectopic lingual thyroid.
  • Successful surgical excision via the suprahyoid approach resolved the symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Ectopic lingual thyroid, though rare, should be considered in patients with unexplained swallowing and voice difficulties.
  • Surgical management via a suprahyoid approach is effective for large lingual thyroids causing significant symptoms.