Reversible protein phosphorylation in higher plants: focus on state transitions
D V Vetoshkina1, M M Borisova-Mubarakshina1
1Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, Russia.
Abstract:
Reversible protein phosphorylation is one of the comprehensive mechanisms of cell metabolism regulation in eukaryotic organisms. The review describes the impact of the reversible protein phosphorylation on the regulation of growth and development as well as in adaptation pathways and signaling network in higher plant cells. The main part of the review is devoted to the role of the reversible phosphorylation of light-harvesting proteins of photosystem II and the state transition process in fine-tuning the photosynthetic activity of chloroplasts. A separate section of the review is dedicated to comparing the mechanisms and functional significance of state transitions in higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that allows the evolution aspects of state transitions meaning in various organisms to be discussed. Environmental factors affecting the state transitions are also considered. Additionally, we gain insight into the possible influence of STN7-dependent phosphorylation of the target proteins on the global network of reversible protein phosphorylation in plant cells as well as into the probable effect of the STN7 kinase inhibition on long-term acclimation pathways in higher plants.
Related Concept Videos
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Phosphorylation
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Cell Signaling in Plants
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade
ATP Energy Storage and Release
One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...


