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Protein phosphatase 1 regulates core PCP signaling.

Song Song1, Bomsoo Cho1, Alexis T Weiner1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

EMBO Reports
|November 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified protein phosphatase 1 (Pp1-87B) as a key regulator of planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling. This phosphatase influences core PCP protein localization and dephosphorylation, crucial for establishing cell asymmetry.

Keywords:
APEX proximity labelingPp1-87B protein phosphataseVan Goghplanar cell polarity

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling is essential for epithelial cell organization.
  • Core PCP components require precise subcellular localization for function.
  • Post-translational modifications are critical for achieving protein asymmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel regulators of PCP signaling using a proteomic approach.
  • To investigate the role of protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit beta (Pp1-87B) in PCP.
  • To understand how protein dephosphorylation contributes to PCP establishment.

Main Methods:

  • Mass spectrometry-based proximity labeling proteomics in Drosophila wing imaginal discs.
  • Analysis of protein-protein interactions between Pp1-87B and core PCP components.
  • In vivo dephosphorylation assays and subcellular localization studies.

Main Results:

  • Pp1-87B was identified as a regulator of core PCP protein polarization.
  • Pp1-87B interacts with Van Gogh and Dco/CKIε, influencing Van Gogh localization and dephosphorylation.
  • PNUTS, a regulatory subunit of Pp1, also impacts PCP.
  • Data support a model where phosphorylation cycling of PCP components regulates asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Pp1-87B plays a significant role in modulating core PCP protein localization and dephosphorylation.
  • The study provides a valuable resource for identifying additional PCP regulators.
  • Dynamic regulation of protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism in establishing planar cell polarity.