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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Occupational Health
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Army recruits are highly susceptible to exertional heat illness.
  • Rising global temperatures exacerbate heat stress risks during military training.
  • Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a key indicator of heat stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze WBGT index trends at U.S. Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) installations.
  • To quantify the magnitude of these WBGT trends.
  • To discuss the potential impacts of increasing temperatures on recruit heat illness and training.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized weather data from the early 1960s, including WBGT index measurements.
  • Classified high WBGT days considering prior heat exposure to identify recruit risk periods.
  • Analyzed WBGT trends quantitatively during warm seasons and full years, comparing decades and BCT classes.

Main Results:

  • WBGT index has increased at all four analyzed BCT installations since 1960.
  • Ft Jackson, SC, showed the most rapid increase (0.272°C/decade), while Ft Moore, GA, had the least (0.190°C/decade).
  • Recruits at Ft Moore, GA, face the highest heat burden, potentially experiencing ~200 hours of hazardous heat during mid-June BCT.

Conclusions:

  • Steady increases in WBGT index highlight a growing heat stress risk for Army recruits.
  • Adaptations to the BCT program are necessary to maintain training standards safely.
  • This analysis provides data to inform medical, training, and policy changes for BCT in a warming climate.