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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft01:23

Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft

Effective lubrication between a rotating shaft and its bearing housing is essential in rotating machinery to minimize friction, wear, and energy loss. With carefully controlled thickness and viscosity, the lubricant layer prevents metal-to-metal contact, ensuring smooth operation.
To calculate the required thickness of the lubricant layer, the tangential velocity at the shaft's surface must first be determined. This velocity is calculated by converting the rotational speed to angular velocity...

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Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation
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Visualizing a Nanoscale Lubricant Layer under Blood Flow.

Jun Ki Hong1,2,3,4,5, Isaac J Gresham1,5, Dan Daniel6,7

  • 1School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Tethered-liquid perfluorocarbons (TLPs) maintain antithrombotic properties by retaining a liquid perfluorocarbon (LP) layer. Optimized TLPs demonstrate stable nanoscale lubricant films under blood flow, preventing clot formation.

Keywords:
antithrombogenic materialsbiointerfacebiomaterialsconfocal interferometryliquid-infused surfacestethered-liquid perfluorocarbon

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Tethered-liquid perfluorocarbons (TLPs) are designed to reduce blood clot formation on medical devices.
  • Maintaining the stability of the liquid perfluorocarbon (LP) layer is crucial for TLP antithrombotic efficacy, especially under physiological blood flow conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantify the in situ stability of LP layers on TLP surfaces under simulated physiological shear flow.
  • To determine if retained nanoscale lubricant films on TLP surfaces are sufficient to prevent thrombosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized confocal dual-wavelength reflection interference contrast microscopy for in situ lubricant thickness mapping.
  • Exposed TLP-coated glass substrates to shear flow of glycerol/water mixtures or whole blood at approximately 2900 s⁻¹.
  • Quantified lubricant depletion on untreated glass versus optimized TLP surfaces over time.

Main Results:

  • Excess lubricant (>2 μm) was removed upon initiation of shear flow.
  • Untreated glass surfaces showed complete lubricant depletion within 1 minute.
  • Optimized TLP surfaces retained nanoscale lubricant films (100 nm–2 μm) for extended periods (tens of minutes).

Conclusions:

  • Optimized TLP surfaces exhibit remarkable stability of nanoscale lubricant films under physiological shear flow.
  • These retained nanoscale films effectively prevent red blood cell and platelet adhesion, confirming antithrombotic properties.
  • The findings support the potential of TLP technology for advanced blood-contacting medical devices.