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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Ankle Joint01:10

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Reply: Wilbrand Knee Revisited.

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Author Spotlight: Implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concept in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
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Wilbrand Knee Revisited.

Robert K Shin1, Jaydeep Kachhela, Cha-Min Tang

  • 1Department of Neurology (JK, C-MT), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and the Department of Neurology, Georgetown University School of Medicine (RKS), Washington, District of Columbia.

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
|November 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wilbrand knee, an optic chiasm structure, exists in humans but is less prominent than previously thought. This finding may clarify the cause of junctional scotomas and explain conflicting research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • Hermann Wilbrand described inferonasal crossing fibers in the optic chiasm, termed Wilbrand knee.
  • This structure was historically linked to junctional scotomas, a visual field defect.
  • Recent studies have questioned the existence or significance of Wilbrand knee.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and characteristics of Wilbrand knee in human optic chiasms.
  • To compare the presence of Wilbrand knee in humans and monkeys.

Main Methods:

  • Examined four human and two monkey optic chiasms using anisotropic scattering imaging.
  • Anisotropic scattering imaging visualizes axonal tracts based on light reflection without staining.

Main Results:

  • Observed fiber tracts consistent with Wilbrand knee in all four human optic chiasms.
  • These tracts were less prominent than originally described by Wilbrand.
  • No comparable tracts were found in the monkey optic chiasms.

Conclusions:

  • Wilbrand knee is present in humans, though its anterior projection is modest.
  • The absence of Wilbrand knee in monkeys may explain discrepancies in scientific literature.