Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.2K

Risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women: UK Biobank prospective cohort study

Vicente Bertomeu-Gonzalez1, Alberto Cordero2, Juan Miguel Ruiz-Nodar3

  • 1Cardiology Department, Benidorm Clinical Hospital, Benidorm, Spain; GRINCAVA Research Group, Clinical Medicine Department, University Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain.

Atherosclerosis
|November 17, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women is linked to reproductive factors. Early menarche and not using birth control pills independently increase major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Reproductive Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk escalates during menopause.
  • Women's specific risk factors for CVD require focused attention.
  • Postmenopausal women face unique cardiovascular challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in postmenopausal women.
  • To assess the incidence of MACE exclusive to this demographic.
  • To understand the unique drivers of cardiovascular risk in postmenopause.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study design.
  • Inclusion of 156,787 postmenopausal women (aged 40+) from the UK Biobank (2006-2010 to 2021).
  • Analysis of MACE risk using Fine-Gray competing risk models over a median follow-up of 12.5 years.

Main Results:

  • Cumulative incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality was 1.2%.
  • Independent associations found between MACE and not using birth control pills, nulliparity (not having children), and early menarche (≤12 years).
  • These factors significantly predicted cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:

  • Reproductive history, including early menarche and oral contraceptive use, are significant independent risk factors for CVD in postmenopausal women.
  • These findings are crucial for refining cardiovascular risk assessment in women.
  • Understanding these specific factors can guide targeted prevention strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseFemale risk factorsMenopauseMorbidityMortality

More Related Videos

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats08:56

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

910
Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome06:04

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Published on: September 27, 2024

909

Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
15
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
130
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
32
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
23
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
172
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data

A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
343