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Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data
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Comparative mortality risks in two independent bipolar cohorts.

Anastasia K Yocum1, Emily Friedman2, Holli S Bertram1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Psychiatry Research
|November 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Bipolar disorder (BD) significantly increases mortality risk, even more than a history of smoking. This finding was confirmed in two independent studies, highlighting BD as a major mortality predictor.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderHypertensionLifespanMortalityPremature deathReplication studySmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental health condition associated with increased morbidity and premature mortality.
  • Understanding the comparative mortality risks associated with BD is crucial for public health interventions and clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare mortality rates in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) against common causes of mortality.
  • To quantify the increased odds of mortality associated with BD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of observational data from the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder (PLS-BD) and a larger University of Michigan Health (U-M Health) cohort.
  • Logistic regression was used to compare mortality rates between BD patients and controls, stratifying by depression, mania, anxiety measures, and medication use.

Main Results:

  • Mortality rates were significantly higher in individuals with BD compared to controls in both cohorts.
  • A diagnosis of BD increased the odds of mortality more than a history of smoking or being over 60 years old.
  • Elevated depression measures were more prevalent in deceased BD individuals, but mania, anxiety, and medication use did not differ.

Conclusions:

  • Bipolar disorder significantly increases the odds of mortality, surpassing the risk associated with a history of smoking.
  • These findings were replicated in an independent sample, underscoring the substantial mortality impact of BD.