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Motor Processing in Children With Cochlear Implants as Assessed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Razieh Alemi1, Jace Wolfe2, Sara Neumann3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|November 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with cochlear implants (CI) show altered visual cortex activity during motor tasks, linked to language skills. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) reveals brain differences in hearing status and language development.

Keywords:
auditory-motor couplingcochlear implantcortical activity changesvisuo-motor coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Sensory processing

Background:

  • Auditory-motor and visual-motor networks are coupled but malleable based on sensory input.
  • Congenital deafness may alter neural activity connecting motor, auditory, and visual cortices.
  • Cochlear implants (CI) aim to restore hearing, but their impact on neural networks, especially in children, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in cortical responses to a motor task between children with cochlear implants (CI) and typically hearing (TH) children.
  • To explore the relationship between these cortical responses and language development in children with CI.
  • To assess the utility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in studying cognitive functions in children with hearing impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record whole-brain cortical activity in 75 school-aged children (50 with CI, 25 TH).
  • Participants performed a simple, repetitive motor task involving squeezing a joystick, with or without vibrotactile feedback.
  • Analyzed changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) as indicators of neural activity.

Main Results:

  • Motor cortex activity (increased HbO, decreased HbR) was observed in all children, regardless of hearing status.
  • The visual cortex showed unexpected deactivation, particularly in children with CI who had better language skills compared to those with language delays.
  • Vibrotactile feedback did not significantly alter cortical activation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical responses during a motor task differ between children with CI and TH children, with implications for brain plasticity.
  • Visual cortex deactivation in children with CI is associated with language development, suggesting cross-modal interactions.
  • fNIRS is a promising tool for assessing cognitive functions, including language-related processing, in pediatric CI users.