Exploiting genomics for antimicrobial resistance surveillance at One Health interfaces

Area of Science:

• One Health
• Genomic Surveillance
• Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

Background:

• The interconnectedness of human, animal, and ecosystem health (One Health) is critical for understanding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) evolution and spread.
• Genomic AMR surveillance at One Health interfaces presents a significant, yet underutilized, opportunity for monitoring.
• A working group of international experts convened to discuss the opportunities and challenges of genomic AMR surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the potential utility, advantages, and barriers of implementing genomic AMR surveillance at One Health interfaces.
• To propose recommendations for overcoming challenges in genomic AMR surveillance implementation.
• To explore the role of genomic surveillance in assessing AMR transmission risks across One Health interfaces.

Main Methods:

• Convened a working group of international experts in pathogen genomics, AMR, and One Health.
• Conducted a workshop series and online consultation.
• Synthesized expert discussions on opportunities, challenges, and recommendations for genomic AMR surveillance.

Main Results:

• Identified the need for clear beneficial use cases for embedding AMR surveillance at One Health interfaces, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
• Highlighted key issues including evidence of directionality, risks to human and animal health, and potential trade implications.
• Emphasized the importance of addressing identified challenges to fully leverage genomic surveillance technology.

Conclusions:

• Embedding genomic AMR surveillance at One Health interfaces requires strategic development and clear use cases.
• Addressing risks, directionality, and trade implications is crucial for successful implementation.
• Overcoming these challenges will enable genomic surveillance to effectively assess AMR transmission risks across human, animal, and environmental sectors.