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Is There A Connection Between Primary Hypophysitis and Celiac Disease?

Zehra Kara1, Tuğçe Eşkazan2, Serdar Şahin1

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Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [And] German Diabetes Association
|November 17, 2023
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Primary hypophysitis (PH) patients show higher HLA-DQ2/8 levels, but no celiac disease (CD) tissue evidence. Celiac patients have elevated pituitary antibodies, suggesting a shared autoimmune and genetic basis, possibly influenced by environmental factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Primary hypophysitis (PH) and celiac disease (CD) are autoimmune disorders.
  • Investigating potential shared autoimmune and genetic links between PH and CD is crucial for understanding their pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the autoimmune and genetic relationship between primary hypophysitis (PH) and celiac disease (CD).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective evaluation of PH patients (2007-2022) and CD patients (2020-2022) as controls.
  • Assessed clinical, endocrinologic, pathologic, and radiologic findings.
  • Measured human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/8, CD-specific antibodies, anti-pituitary antibody (APA), and anti-arginine-vasopressin (AAVP) levels.

Main Results:

  • No CD evidence found in duodenal biopsies of PH patients.
  • Higher HLA-DQ2/8 detection rate in PH (42%) compared to controls (not specified, but lower than CD's 80%).
  • Significantly elevated APA and AAVP levels in PH and CD patients compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions:

  • While PH patients have increased HLA-DQ2/8, CD is not found in tissue.
  • Elevated pituitary antibodies in CD patients suggest a potential autoimmune link.
  • Shared genetic and autoimmune basis is indicated, with environmental factors potentially playing a role in disease development.