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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Multilevel Barriers to Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Uptake: A Narrative Review.

Melissa Goldin Evans1, Rebekah E Gee2, Stephen Phillippi3

  • 1Mary Amelia Center for Women's Health Equity Research, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Health Promotion Practice
|November 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) significantly reduce unintended pregnancies. Access barriers, especially for marginalized groups, must be addressed to ensure equitable reproductive healthcare and patient autonomy.

Keywords:
access barriersclinical barriershealth care disparitieshealth equity policieslong-acting reversible contraceptionnarrative reviewreproductive healthsocial ecological model

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Public Health
  • Contraception

Background:

  • Unintended pregnancies affect nearly half of US pregnancies, leading to adverse outcomes.
  • Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are highly effective in preventing unintended pregnancies.
  • Access to LARCs is limited by significant barriers, particularly for racial and socioeconomic disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize barriers to LARC access across multiple levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, policy).
  • To examine patient, provider, clinic, and policy factors influencing LARC uptake.
  • To explore clinical implications for providing equitable reproductive healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review synthesizing existing literature on LARC access barriers.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to disparities in LARC uptake.
  • Examination of strategies to mitigate identified barriers.

Main Results:

  • Barriers to LARC access are multifaceted and exist across various levels.
  • Disparities in access are pronounced along racial and socioeconomic lines.
  • Informed counseling, financial support, and minimized clinical hurdles improve LARC uptake.

Conclusions:

  • Equitable reproductive healthcare requires unbiased counseling and a full spectrum of contraceptive options.
  • Minimizing financial and clinical barriers is crucial for increasing LARC access.
  • Ensuring patient autonomy in contraceptive choice is fundamental to equitable care.