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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

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A review on methods for extracting and quantifying microplastic in biological tissues.

Cristina Di Fiore1, Yukari Ishikawa2, Stephanie L Wright2

  • 1Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|November 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Microplastic contamination in biological tissues is a growing concern. This review highlights challenges in extraction and identification methods, urging standardization to confirm true microplastic internalization and avoid artifacts.

Keywords:
AccumulationAnalytical methodsBiological tissuesDigestion methodsMicroplastics

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • Growing body of literature on microplastic occurrence in biological tissues.
  • Need for synthesis of evidence regarding microplastic detection and accumulation.
  • Concerns about the validity of current findings due to methodological limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on microplastic preparation, chemical identification, and accumulation in biological tissues.
  • To critically evaluate existing extraction and analytical methodologies.
  • To identify research gaps and areas for standardization.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on microplastic detection in biological tissues.
  • Analysis of various microplastic extraction techniques (alkaline, acid, oxidizing, enzymatic).
  • Evaluation of analytical methodologies for chemical identification and particle sizing.

Main Results:

  • Multiple extraction approaches exist, but selection criteria are unclear.
  • Analytical methods often do not match particle sizes, raising concerns about detection limits.
  • Observed microplastic sizes in tissues may be biologically implausible, suggesting potential artifacts.
  • Further assessment is needed to distinguish true internalization from vascular presence or procedural artifacts.

Conclusions:

  • Current methodologies for microplastic detection in biological tissues require significant refinement and standardization.
  • Quality control and quality assurance are crucial to reduce artifactual results.
  • Standardized approaches are essential for accurately assessing microplastic fate and biological impact.