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Visualizing Neuroblast Cytokinesis During C. elegans Embryogenesis
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Axis convergence in C. elegans embryos.

Archit Bhatnagar1, Michael Nestler2, Peter Gross3

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrase 108, Dresden 01037, Germany.

Current Biology : CB
|November 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic development aligns the anteroposterior (AP) axis with the eggshell. Two mechanisms, cytoplasmic flows and pseudocleavage furrow forces, drive this crucial axis convergence in C. elegans.

Keywords:
C. elegansactive matter theoryactomyosin cortexanteroposterior body axispseudocleavage furrow

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cellular mechanics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Embryonic development is guided by external cues, such as the eggshell.
  • The anteroposterior (AP) body axis typically aligns with the eggshell's long axis in model organisms like C. elegans.
  • The precise mechanisms ensuring this alignment, or axis convergence, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physical mechanisms driving anteroposterior (AP) axis convergence with the eggshell's long axis in early C. elegans development.
  • To determine the relative contributions of cytoplasmic flows and pseudocleavage furrow forces to axis alignment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized live imaging and experimental manipulations in C. elegans embryos.
  • Employed numerical simulations to model physical forces and their effects.
  • Perturbed key structures like the pseudocleavage furrow and altered egg shape to assess impact on axis convergence.

Main Results:

  • Identified two primary mechanisms for AP axis convergence: bulk cytoplasmic flows and forces from the pseudocleavage furrow.
  • Demonstrated that the pseudocleavage furrow generates forces that re-orient the AP axis.
  • Showcased through simulations and experiments that pseudocleavage furrow activity is a major driver of axis convergence.

Conclusions:

  • Active force generation within the actomyosin cortical layer is critical for embryonic axis convergence.
  • The pseudocleavage furrow plays a significant role in orienting the AP axis relative to the egg.
  • This study elucidates key biophysical principles governing early embryonic patterning.