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Cardiovascular consequences of financial stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Shiba Sai Swarup1, Asha K P2, Bijaya Kumar Padhi3

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital, Koraput, India.

Current Problems in Cardiology
|November 18, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Financial stress is linked to increased risk of major cardiac outcomes like coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This review highlights the need for standardized financial stress measures in patient care to improve cardiovascular health.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD), are leading causes of death globally.
  • Financial stress is an emerging non-traditional risk factor for CVD.
  • This study systematically reviews the association between financial stress and major cardiac events.

Approach:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases up to September 20, 2023.
  • Seven primary studies met the inclusion criteria, assessing financial stress and the incidence of CAD, CHD, or major cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and data were analyzed using a random-effects model in R version 4.3.

Key Points:

  • Seven studies involving diverse populations found a significant association between financial stress and major cardiac outcomes.
  • A combined hazard ratio (HR) of 1.191 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.47) indicated an increased risk.
  • Potential publication bias and variability in financial stress definitions were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports a link between financial stress and the incidence of CAD/CHD and major cardiac outcomes.
  • Standardized definitions and measurement tools for financial stress are urgently needed.
  • Integrating financial stress assessment into patient care and health policies can improve cardiovascular health and well-being.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseCoronary artery diseaseCoronary heart diseaseFinancial stress

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