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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Early Universe magnetic fields from the electroweak phase transition (EWPT) are too weak. A new theory involving magnetic reconnection strengthens these relic fields, aligning them with observations and potentially resolving the Hubble tension.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • The intergalactic medium's weak magnetic field may originate from the early Universe.
  • Standard models predict relic magnetic fields from the electroweak phase transition (EWPT) are too weak to explain observed phenomena like gamma-ray scattering from blazars.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new mechanism for the decay of early Universe magnetic fields.
  • To reconcile the EWPT-relic hypothesis with observational constraints.
  • To investigate the potential of these relic fields to address cosmological puzzles like the Hubble tension.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating turbulent magnetohydrodynamic decay.
  • Proposing magnetic reconnection as the mediating process for field decay.
  • Conserving the mean square fluctuation level of magnetic helicity during decay.

Main Results:

  • The proposed theory predicts relic magnetic fields several orders of magnitude stronger than previously thought.
  • This significant strengthening restores consistency between the EWPT-relic hypothesis and observational data.
  • Efficient EWPT magnetogenesis can generate fields strong enough to impact recombination and seed galaxy-cluster fields.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetic reconnection offers a viable pathway for preserving early Universe magnetic fields.
  • The EWPT-relic hypothesis is strengthened by this new understanding of magnetic field decay.
  • These stronger relic fields have implications for resolving the Hubble tension and understanding cosmic magnetic field origins.