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Sustainable pathways for solar desalination using nanofluids: A critical review
Dhananjay Singh1, Sunita Singh2, Deepak Singh1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India.
Environmental Research
|November 19, 2023
Summary
Nanofluids significantly enhance solar desalination efficiency and yield by improving heat transfer in solar stills. This review details nanofluid preparation, properties, and their application in sustainable freshwater production.
Area of Science:
- Renewable Energy Engineering
- Water Desalination Technologies
- Nanomaterials Science
Background:
- Access to freshwater is a global challenge, with most water being saline or brackish.
- Conventional desalination relies on fossil fuels, leading to environmental concerns.
- Sustainable desalination using renewable energy, particularly solar energy, is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically review the application of nanofluids in solar desalination systems.
- To explore methods for improving the efficiency and yield of solar stills.
- To assess the impact of nanofluids on solar-powered freshwater production.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent research on nanofluids in solar desalination.
- Detailed discussion of nanofluid preparation, types, and properties.
- Analysis of nanofluid integration with solar stills and other enhancement techniques.
Main Results:
- Nanofluids demonstrate potential to overcome the limitations of solar stills (low efficiency and yield).
- The performance enhancement is significantly influenced by nanofluid type and concentration.
- Combinations of nanofluids with other techniques further boost desalination performance.
Conclusions:
- Nanofluids are a promising approach for enhancing solar desalination efficiency.
- Further research into optimal nanofluid selection and concentration is warranted.
- Nanofluid-enhanced solar desalination offers a sustainable solution for freshwater scarcity.
