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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Comprehensive Diabetes Assessment Instrument for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Jodi Segal1, Robert DeGrazia1,2, Samantha Pitts1

  • 1John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health
|November 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new Comprehensive Diabetes Assessment (CDA) instrument helps identify barriers to optimal diabetes self-management. This tool assists in connecting patients with type 2 diabetes to beneficial resources efficiently.

Keywords:
diabetes mellitusdisease self-managementhealth equityminority populationssocial determinants of health

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Clinical Assessment Tools
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Primary care settings lack efficient methods for identifying patient barriers to optimal type 2 diabetes outcomes.
  • Effective resource connection is crucial for improving diabetes self-management and patient well-being.

Approach:

  • Developed a Comprehensive Diabetes Assessment (CDA) instrument by reviewing literature and conducting stakeholder focus groups.
  • Validated the CDA instrument through cognitive testing with patients for understanding, feasibility, and acceptability.

Key Points:

  • The CDA instrument comprises 6 multi-part items and requires approximately 3 minutes to complete.
  • Focus groups and cognitive interviews confirmed the instrument's understandability, speed, and patient acceptability.
  • Assessed barriers related to knowledge, psychological factors, literacy, and numeracy.

Conclusions:

  • The CDA instrument, alongside social needs assessment, is recommended for annual administration or during clinical deterioration.
  • This tool is anticipated to enhance patient connection to beneficial diabetes-related services.
  • Streamlining the assessment process can improve patient outcomes in type 2 diabetes management.