Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Ethics in Research

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...

Blind Procedures

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

CRISPR

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Liquid and Synthetic Biopsies Are Poised to Rewrite Cancer Care.

IEEE pulse·2026

Same author

Toward Personalized Healing: AI-Supported Wearables in Mental Health Practice.

IEEE pulse·2026

Same author

"Not Your Grandfather's CPAP": Improving Sleep Apnea Therapy Adherence With Emerging Technology.

IEEE pulse·2025

Same author

Why Consumer Neurofeedback Devices Are More Than Hype for Brain Health.

IEEE pulse·2025

Same author

Treating the Brain With Focused Ultrasound.

IEEE pulse·2024

Same author

The Cancer Moonshot Enters a New Phase.

IEEE pulse·2023

Same journal

The Heart of the Metaverse: How Immersive Technologies Are Revolutionizing Cardiac Care.

IEEE pulse·2026

Same journal

Benefits for Early Diagnosis, Treatment, and Research.

IEEE pulse·2026

Same journal

At the Crossroads of Innovation.

IEEE pulse·2026

Same journal

Robotics in the Cath Lab: Precision, Safety, and the Rise of Remote Cardiac Interventions.

IEEE pulse·2026

Same journal

Industry Corner Live With BioBeat CEO Arik Ben Ishay.

IEEE pulse·2026

Same journal

Engineering the Next Generation of Artificial Hearts.

IEEE pulse·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research

Published on: November 26, 2015

Considering Sex in Biomedical Research.

|November 20, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Basic biomedical research historically excluded female models, leading to knowledge gaps in women's health. Recent efforts aim for more equitable research, improving medical applicability for everyone.

More Related Videos

Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management

Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management

Published on: November 30, 2022

Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons

Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons

Published on: October 15, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research

Published on: November 26, 2015

Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management

Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management

Published on: November 30, 2022

Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons

Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons

Published on: October 15, 2019

Area of Science:

Biomedical Research
Sex Differences in Biology
Women's Health

Background:

Historically, basic biomedical research predominantly used male models, assuming findings were universally applicable.
This male-centric approach overlooked significant sex-based biological variations impacting health.
Consequently, critical gaps exist in understanding diseases and treatments for women.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the historical exclusion of female models in preclinical research.
To underscore the impact of sex differences on disease risk, symptoms, and treatment response.
To advocate for increased equity and reproducibility in biomedical research.

Main Methods:

Review of historical practices in preclinical biomedical research.
Analysis of the consequences of excluding female subjects.
Examination of current trends and opportunities for improvement.

Main Results:

Male-only models led to a lack of generalizability in research findings.
Sex differences in biological pathways significantly affect health outcomes.
Incomplete knowledge affects disease risk assessment and treatment efficacy for women.

Conclusions:

Addressing the historic exclusion of female models is crucial for advancing women's health.
Incorporating diverse sex representation enhances research reproducibility and applicability.
Future biomedical research must prioritize equity to benefit all populations.