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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

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Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
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Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

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Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons...
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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The ADP/ATP Carrier Protein01:42

The ADP/ATP Carrier Protein

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ADP/ATP carrier or AAC protein is the most abundant carrier protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It transports large quantities of ADP and ATP, equivalent to the average human body weight, every day. Among other transporters, ACC protein is one of the best-studied members of the mitochondrial carrier protein family. The ADP/ATP carrier protein comprises two transmembrane helices connected to a loop and a single alpha-helix on the matrix side. It switches between two conformational...
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Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells
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Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells

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Proton Transport Functionality-Enabled Carbon Support for Improved Fuel Cell Performance and Durability.

Venkata Yarlagadda1, Nathan Mellott1, Swami Kumaraguru1

  • 1Global Fuel Cell Business, General Motors LLC, 850 N. Glenwood Avenue, Pontiac, Michigan 48340, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new Monarch carbon material enhances proton conductivity in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This novel support enables electrodes with significantly lower ionomer content, improving performance and durability.

Keywords:
cathode catalyst layerelectrocatalysisfuel cellsoxygen reduction reactionsulfonic acid-functionalized carbon

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On the Preparation and Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts Using the Thin Film Rotating Disk Electrode Method
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are crucial for clean energy.
  • Developing efficient and cost-effective catalyst supports is essential for their widespread adoption.
  • Reducing ionomer content in electrodes is a key challenge for improving fuel cell performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel Monarch carbon material as a cathode catalyst support for PEM fuel cells.
  • To investigate the impact of the carbon support's surface functional groups on proton conductivity.
  • To assess the feasibility of designing electrodes with reduced ionomer content using Monarch carbon.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to confirm surface functional groups (sulfonic acid).
  • Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) to measure water uptake.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to evaluate proton conductivity.
  • Fuel cell performance and durability testing.

Main Results:

  • Monarch carbon exhibits sulfonic acid functionality and higher water uptake.
  • PtCo/Monarch electrodes demonstrated superior proton conductivity compared to PtCo/C, especially at low ionomer-to-carbon (I/C) ratios.
  • Electrodes with 75% less ionomer content using PtCo/Monarch showed improved high-current density performance and durability.

Conclusions:

  • Monarch carbon is a promising material for PEM fuel cell catalyst supports.
  • Its inherent proton conduction capability allows for significantly reduced ionomer loading.
  • This advancement could lead to more efficient and cost-effective PEM fuel cell designs.