Cell Death Pathway Regulation by Functional Nanomedicines for Robust Antitumor Immunity
Yongjuan Li1,2,3, Yichen Guo1, Kaixin Zhang1
1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
Abstract:
Cancer immunotherapy has become a mainstream cancer treatment over traditional therapeutic modes. Cancer cells can undergo programmed cell death including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, apoptosis and cuproptosis which are find to have intrinsic relationships with host antitumor immune response. However, direct use of cell death inducers or regulators may bring about severe side effects that can also be rapidly excreted and degraded with low therapeutic efficacy. Nanomaterials are able to carry them for long circulation time, high tumor accumulation and controlled release to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effect. Nowadays, a large number of studies have focused on nanomedicines-based strategies through modulating cell death modalities to potentiate antitumor immunity. Herein, immune cell types and their function are first summarized, and state-of-the-art research progresses in nanomedicines mediated cell death pathways (e.g., ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, apoptosis and cuproptosis) with immune response provocation are highlighted. Subsequently, the conclusion and outlook of potential research focus are discussed.
Insights
Nanomaterials enhance cancer immunotherapy by modulating programmed cell death pathways like ferroptosis and pyroptosis. This approach improves therapeutic efficacy and reduces side effects for potent antitumor immune responses.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Nanomedicine
Background:
- Cancer immunotherapy is a leading treatment modality.
- Programmed cell death pathways (ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, apoptosis, cuproptosis) are linked to antitumor immunity.
- Direct use of cell death inducers has limitations like side effects and low efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review nanomedicine strategies for modulating cell death to enhance antitumor immunity.
- To summarize immune cell functions and their role in cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of current research on nanomedicines targeting cell death pathways.
- Analysis of immune cell types and their functions in antitumor responses.
Main Results:
- Nanomaterials offer improved drug delivery for cell death inducers (long circulation, tumor accumulation, controlled release).
- Nanomedicine-based strategies effectively modulate various cell death modalities (ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, apoptosis, cuproptosis).
- Modulating cell death via nanomedicines potentiates host antitumor immune responses.
Conclusions:
- Nanomedicines are promising for cancer immunotherapy by leveraging cell death pathways.
- Future research should focus on optimizing nanomedicine design and understanding immune interactions for enhanced cancer treatment.
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