Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reaction Quotient

Reaction Quotient

The status of a reversible reaction is conveniently assessed by evaluating its reaction quotient (Q). For a reversible reaction described by m A + n B ⇌ x C + y D, the reaction quotient is derived directly from the stoichiometry of the balanced equation as

Reaction Rate

Reaction Rate

The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...

Reaction Mechanisms

Reaction Mechanisms

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:

Support Reactions

Support Reactions

A coplanar force system refers to a set of forces that all lie in the same plane and are subject to different reactions between the point of contact and the supports. Understanding how different types of supports affect coplanar forces is crucial for designing safe and reliable structures that can withstand external loads.
The purpose of the supports is to prevent the translational motion of the system by applying an equal and opposite force and to prevent the system's rotation by applying...

Responses to Salt Stress

Responses to Salt Stress

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.

Reaction Yield

Reaction Yield

The theoretical yield of a reaction is the amount of product estimated to form based on the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation. The theoretical yield assumes the complete conversion of the limiting reactant into the desired product. The amount of product that is obtained by performing the reaction is called the actual yield, and it may be less than or (very rarely) equal to the theoretical yield.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Multi-omics integration provides biological insight and prioritizes potential drug targets in multiple sclerosis progression.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2026

Same author

DNA methylation mediates the multiple sclerosis onset risk associated with HHV-6 DNA positivity.

Environmental epigenetics·2026

Same author

Trajectories of processing speed in multiple sclerosis across disease-modifying therapies.

Journal of neurology·2026

Same author

Non-MRI biomarkers should be accepted to guide treatment escalation in MS: Commentary.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026

Same author

Should autologous HSCT be a first-line option in highly active MS? Commentary.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026

Same author

Dental-amalgam exposure and the risk and progression of multiple sclerosis.

International journal of epidemiology·2026

Same journal

Same Family, Different Stories: Distinct Peripheral Immune Signatures in Axial Spondyloarthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

ACR Treatment Guidelines and Expert Opinion: The Continuum of Knowledge Guiding Clinical Decision-Making.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (Dnmt3a) mutations limit normal and autoreactive CD4+ T follicular helper responses and attenuate T cell-driven joint inflammation.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Treatment of Patients with CPPD Disease: Where Do We Begin and Where Are We Going?

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Efficacy and Safety of Nanoencapsulated Sirolimus plus Pegadricase: Results from the Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trials.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Fibroblast Mitochondrial Ca2+ Overload Drives Skin Fibrosis via mtDNA Leakage and cGAS-STING Activation in Systemic Sclerosis.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Proboscis Extension Response PER Assay in Drosophila

Proboscis Extension Response PER Assay in Drosophila

Published on: April 29, 2007

Reply

Lars Alfredsson¹, Lars Klareskog², Anna Karin Hedström¹

¹Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)

|November 21, 2023

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

A Proboscis Extension Response Protocol for Investigating Behavioral Plasticity in Insects: Application to Basic, Biomedical, and Agricultural Research

A Proboscis Extension Response Protocol for Investigating Behavioral Plasticity in Insects: Application to Basic, Biomedical, and Agricultural Research

Published on: September 8, 2014

Recording Behavioral Responses to Reflection in Crayfish

Recording Behavioral Responses to Reflection in Crayfish

Published on: May 14, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Proboscis Extension Response PER Assay in Drosophila

Proboscis Extension Response PER Assay in Drosophila

Published on: April 29, 2007

A Proboscis Extension Response Protocol for Investigating Behavioral Plasticity in Insects: Application to Basic, Biomedical, and Agricultural Research

A Proboscis Extension Response Protocol for Investigating Behavioral Plasticity in Insects: Application to Basic, Biomedical, and Agricultural Research

Published on: September 8, 2014

Recording Behavioral Responses to Reflection in Crayfish

Recording Behavioral Responses to Reflection in Crayfish

Published on: May 14, 2010