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The Terroir Concept Interpreted through Grape Berry Metabolomics and Transcriptomics

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Published on: October 5, 2016

Metabolomic and transcriptomic integrated analysis revealed the decrease of monoterpenes accumulation in table grapes

Huiling Wang¹, Xiaoyue Wang¹, Ailing Yan²

¹Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.

Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.)

|November 21, 2023

Summary

Low temperature storage significantly alters grape aroma by affecting monoterpene levels. This study reveals molecular mechanisms behind these changes, offering insights into preserving grape flavor.

Keywords:

Grape Low temperature storage Monoterpenes Muscat flavor Postharvest Transcriptomic analysis

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Area of Science:

Plant Physiology
Food Science
Biochemistry

Background:

Low temperature storage is crucial for table grape quality but impacts aromatic flavor.
Monoterpenes are key contributors to Muscat grape aromas.
Mechanisms of monoterpene changes during cold storage are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of low temperature storage on free and bound monoterpene profiles in table grapes.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes at transcriptomic and metabolomic levels.

Main Methods:

Analysis of free and bound monoterpenes in four table grape cultivars.
Transcriptomic analysis of genes involved in monoterpene biosynthesis pathways (DXS, HDR, GPPS, TPS, HMGS, HMGR, GGPPS, FPPS).
Metabolomic analysis using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis.

Main Results:

27 free and bound monoterpene compounds were identified with cultivar-specific quantitative differences.
Low temperature storage significantly altered monoterpene profiles, with similar trends observed for compounds within the same biosynthesis pathway.
Most free monoterpenes declined rapidly during storage, with varying timing across cultivars.
Gene expression analysis showed consistency between monoterpene synthesis pathway genes (DXS, HDR, GPPS, TPS) and monoterpene accumulation, while MVA pathway genes (HMGS, HMGR) and branch genes (GGPPS, FPPS) showed negative correlation.

Conclusions:

Low temperature storage profoundly impacts grape monoterpene profiles and aroma.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic data provide insights into the molecular regulation of monoterpene changes during cold storage.
Understanding these mechanisms can aid in strategies to maintain grape aroma quality during postharvest handling.