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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

18.9K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

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Sub-Ångstrom-scale structural variations in high-entropy oxides.

Hanbin Gao1,2, Ning Guo2,3, Yue Gong2,3

  • 1Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.

Nanoscale
|November 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) exhibit unique properties due to their complex atomic structures. This study visualizes and quantifies sub-ångstrom-scale structural variations in HEOs, offering insights into property-structure relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • High-entropy oxides (HEOs) are advanced materials with potential applications owing to their exceptional physical and chemical properties.
  • Understanding the atomic-scale structure-property correlations in HEOs is crucial but remains insufficiently explored compared to high-entropy alloys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantify atomic-scale structural variations and lattice distortions in representative high-entropy oxides.
  • To establish a foundation for correlating local structural features with the functionalities of HEOs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques.
  • Examined four distinct HEOs with pyrochlore, spinel, perovskite, and rock-salt structures.
  • Quantified sub-ångstrom-scale structure variations and local lattice distortions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully visualized and quantified local structural variations at the sub-ångstrom scale in various HEOs.
  • Demonstrated the presence of significant lattice distortions within the HEO structures.
  • Provided direct experimental evidence of atomic-scale structural heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a valuable methodology for investigating local fluctuating structures in high-entropy oxides.
  • These findings pave the way for deeper understanding and tailored design of HEOs based on their intricate atomic structures.