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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
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Insomnia Medication Use by University Students: A Systematic Review.

Menghan Wang1, Richard Cooper1, Dan Green2

  • 1School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK.

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|November 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

University students use sleep medication, with prevalence ranging from 2% to 41.2%. Female students, those with poor sleep, smokers, and those consuming stimulant beverages or fewer physical activities were more likely to use insomnia medication.

Keywords:
determinantsinsomniaprevalencesleep medicationsystematic reviewuniversity/college students

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Higher Education

Background:

  • Insomnia and problematic sleep are prevalent issues affecting general populations.
  • University students face unique academic pressures that can exacerbate sleep problems.
  • Understanding sleep medication use in this demographic is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing literature on the prevalence of insomnia medication use among university students.
  • To identify characteristics associated with a higher likelihood of medication use for insomnia management in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases: Psych INFO, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.
  • The review included 25 eligible studies published between 1994 and 2020, spanning multiple countries.
  • Data extraction focused on the prevalence of sleep medication use and associated demographic and behavioral factors.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of sleep medication use among university students varied significantly, ranging from 2% to 41.2%, with an overall average of 13.1%.
  • Factors associated with increased insomnia medication use included female gender, self-reported poor sleep quality, smoking, consumption of stimulant beverages, and lower levels of physical activity.

Conclusions:

  • Insomnia medication use is a recognized phenomenon within university student populations globally.
  • Significant variability exists in prevalence rates across different regions and student groups.
  • Identifying specific student characteristics linked to medication use can inform the development of supportive strategies and interventions for sleep health.