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How does a hyperuniform fluid freeze?

Yusheng Lei1, Ran Ni1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discontinuous phase transitions in reactive particles avoid nucleation and growth, driven by long-wavelength fluctuations. This challenges metastability understanding and reveals a new dynamic hyperuniform state.

Keywords:
discontinuous phase transitionlong-wavelength fluctuationmetastable yet kinetically stablenonequilibrium hyperuniform fluid

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Phase transitions are classified as continuous or discontinuous.
  • Discontinuous transitions typically involve structural changes and nucleation-growth kinetics, unless glassy dynamics are present.
  • Nonequilibrium hyperuniform fluids are disordered yet possess suppressed long-wavelength density fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the kinetic pathway of a discontinuous freezing transition in a barrier-controlled reactive particle system.
  • To explore the role of fluctuations and system size on the transition dynamics.
  • To characterize the emerging metastable state and its structural properties.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of barrier-controlled reactive particles.
  • Analysis of transition rates and system size dependence.
  • Characterization of the structure factor and identification of dynamic hyperuniform states.

Main Results:

  • The discontinuous freezing transition into an absorbing state does not follow the nucleation and growth pathway.
  • Long-wavelength fluctuations trigger the transition, and the rate decreases with increasing system size.
  • A novel 'metastable yet kinetically stable' hyperuniform fluid state is identified, exhibiting a specific structure factor scaling ([Formula: see text] in 2D).

Conclusions:

  • The study challenges conventional understanding of metastability in discontinuous phase transitions.
  • The identified state represents a third distinct dynamic hyperuniform state.
  • The findings suggest potential kinetic stability of metastable hyperuniform fluids in large systems.