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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
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Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

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Nucleolus imaging based on naphthalimide derivatives.

Yan Yang1, Dong-Xiao Yan1, Rui-Xue Rong1

  • 1Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.

Bioorganic Chemistry
|November 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

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Bioorganic chemistry·2025

Researchers developed novel fluorescent probes (NI-1 to NI-5) that target the nucleolus in living cells. These probes bind to RNA, enhancing fluorescence and offering potential for diagnosing nucleolus-related diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The nucleolus is a critical cellular organelle, and its abnormalities are linked to various human diseases.
  • Current imaging agents for nucleolar studies are limited, hindering diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel naphthalimide-based fluorescent probes for specific nucleolar imaging.
  • To investigate the probes' ability to target and stain the nucleolus in living cells.
  • To explore the probes' interaction with RNA and their potential for disease diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a series of naphthalimide derivatives (NI-1 to NI-5).
  • Evaluation of probe cell permeability and nucleolar staining in living cells.
  • Molecular docking simulations to analyze probe-RNA interactions.
Keywords:
Fluorescence imagingLiving cellsNaphthalimideNucleolusRNA

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  • Assessment of fluorescence enhancement upon RNA binding.

    • Main Results:

    • Naphthalimide derivatives (NI-1 to NI-5) successfully penetrated cell and nuclear membranes.
    • Clear nucleolar staining was achieved in living cells.
    • Amino groups on the naphthalimide backbone enhanced nucleolar targeting.
    • Molecular docking revealed hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with RNA.
    • Probes exhibited enhanced fluorescence upon binding to RNA.

    Conclusions:

    • Novel naphthalimide-based fluorescent probes demonstrate effective nucleolar targeting and imaging in living cells.
    • The probes' interaction with RNA and fluorescence enhancement provide a basis for diagnostic applications.
    • These findings support the development of new tools for diagnosing and treating nucleolus-related diseases.