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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff
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Modelling faecal microbe dynamics within stormwater constructed wetlands.

Xixi Shi1, Dusan Jovanovic2, Ze Meng3

  • 1Environmental and Public Health Microbiology (EPHM) Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.

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|November 21, 2023
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Summary

A new model predicts faecal microbial removal in stormwater wetlands, crucial for water quality. Accurate data and die-off rates are key for effective wetland design and management.

Keywords:
Escherichia coliPathogenStormwater wetlandmodelstormwater managementurban stormwater

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Quality Management
  • Microbial Ecology

Background:

  • Faecal microbe modelling in wetlands is vital but challenging due to unpredictable storm events.
  • Accurate prediction of microbial removal is essential for effective stormwater management and public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a coupled hydrodynamic and microorganism model for predicting long-term faecal microbial removal in stormwater constructed wetlands.
  • To assess the model's performance using a two-year dataset from a real-world stormwater wetland.

Main Methods:

  • A coupled hydrodynamic and microorganism model simulating *Escherichia coli* (E. coli) fate and transport was developed.
  • The model incorporated advection-dispersion, sedimentation, resuspension, and die-off influenced by temperature and UV.
  • Model calibration involved site-specific data and literature values, with the dark die-off rate as the primary adjusted parameter.

Main Results:

  • The hydrodynamic model achieved a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (E) of 0.86 over two years.
  • The E. coli model achieved an overall E of 0.37, with performance varying across monitored events (E <0 to 0.8).
  • Sensitivity analyses highlighted the critical importance of high-quality stormwater input data and accurate die-off rate estimation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model can aid in designing and optimizing stormwater constructed wetlands for enhanced faecal microbial removal.
  • The findings emphasize the need for precise data collection and parameter estimation for reliable microbial removal modelling.
  • This tool supports better vegetation management and facilitates real-time decision-making in wetland operations.