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Functionally graded 3D printed plates for rib fracture fixation.

Richa Gupta1, Lauren Judkins2, Chet S Friday1

  • 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Lab, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)
|November 21, 2023
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Summary

Novel additively manufactured rib implants were stiffer than controls, but functional gradients did not significantly alter failure mechanisms in rib fracture repair models. Further research is needed to optimize implant design for improved outcomes.

Keywords:
Additive manufacturingBiomechanicsFracture fixationRib fracture

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Additive manufacturing enables functional gradients in implants, potentially altering mechanical properties.
  • The effect of stiffness gradients on failure mechanisms in rib fracture repair is not well understood.
  • This study investigates novel functionally graded rib implants for fracture repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the mechanical performance of additively manufactured, functionally graded rib implants.
  • To compare the failure mechanisms of novel implants against a clinically used control.
  • To determine if functional gradients influence secondary fracture occurrence at implant ends.

Main Methods:

  • Five novel additively manufactured rib implants and one control implant were tested.
  • Synthetic rib bone models with transverse fractures were used.
  • Cyclic two-point bend testing followed by ramp-to-failure testing was performed.

Main Results:

  • Novel implants exhibited higher stiffness and less rotation than the control.
  • All constructs failed at the posterior screw hole, indicating bone fracture as the primary failure mode.
  • Few significant differences were observed between the different functional gradient groups.

Conclusions:

  • Additively manufactured, functionally graded designs offer potential for trauma implants but require optimization.
  • The limited impact of functional gradients in this study may be due to small implant cross-sectional areas.
  • Further investigation into implant design is necessary to fully leverage functional gradients in rib fracture repair.