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Revising the EPA Dilution-Attenuation Soil Screening Model for PFAS.

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|November 22, 2023
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Summary

A revised model improves soil screening levels (SSLs) for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), accounting for their unique environmental behavior. This ensures better protection of groundwater quality at contaminated sites.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental contaminants.
  • Leaching of PFAS from soil to groundwater is a critical concern for environmental risk assessment.
  • Current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) soil screening level (SSL) models may not accurately assess PFAS risks due to their unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revise the standard EPA SSL model to incorporate the specific retention characteristics of PFAS.
  • To develop a more accurate method for determining SSLs that are protective of groundwater quality.
  • To enhance site investigations and management strategies for PFAS-contaminated sites.

Main Methods:

  • Revised the distribution parameter in the EPA SSL model to include air-water interfacial adsorption.
  • Conducted example calculations for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
  • Analyzed the impact of PFAS chain length on air-water interfacial adsorption and SSLs.

Main Results:

  • The revised SSL model yields different results compared to the standard EPA model for PFAS.
  • The significance of air-water interfacial adsorption varies with different PFAS, particularly longer-chain compounds.
  • SSLs calculated with the revised model show greater differences from the standard model for longer-chain PFAS.

Conclusions:

  • The revised EPA SSL model provides a more accurate assessment of PFAS risks to groundwater.
  • The model's accuracy is dependent on the specific PFAS, with longer-chain variants showing more significant deviations.
  • This enhanced model is crucial for effective site management and remediation of PFAS-impacted areas.