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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture

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High-Resolution Additive Manufacturing of a Biodegradable Elastomer with A Low-Cost LCD 3D Printer.

Vahid Karamzadeh^1,2, Molly L Shen^1,2, Hossein Ravanbakhsh^1,2,3

¹Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada.

Advanced Healthcare Materials

|November 22, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a new Poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate) (POMaC) ink for vat-photopolymerization 3D printing. This innovation enables high-resolution, biodegradable, and tunable elastomeric constructs using affordable printers for tissue engineering applications.

Keywords:

3D printing biomaterials elastomers photopolymerization tissue engineering

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Published on: September 12, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Additive Manufacturing
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Artificial organs and organs-on-a-chip (OoC) are critical for clinical and scientific advancement.
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) offers potential for creating these complex structures.
Biocompatible, biodegradable, and soft materials are essential for these applications, with Poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate) (POMaC) showing promise.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a vat-photopolymerization (VP) 3D printable ink formulation based on POMaC.
To achieve high-resolution 3D printing of complex and elastomeric structures using low-cost printers.
To demonstrate the tunable mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the printed materials for tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

Formulation of a VP-POMaC ink with a diluent and porogen additive to optimize viscosity and photocuring.
Utilizing low-cost liquid-crystal display (LCD) based VP 3D printers to fabricate structures.
Characterization of printed features (down to 80 µm), mechanical properties by varying porogen concentration, and cell viability (80% at 80% viability).

Main Results:

Successful 3D printing of 80 µm positive features and complex structures using the developed VP-POMaC ink.
Tunable elastic moduli achieved by adjusting porogen concentration, matching various tissue types.
Demonstrated biocompatibility through cell culture and potential for tissue engineering with a cell-seeded 3D gyroid structure.

Conclusions:

VP-POMaC ink and low-cost LCD printers significantly enhance accessibility for additive manufacturing of high-resolution, elastomeric, and biodegradable constructs.
This advancement opens avenues for diverse applications in tissue engineering, 3D cell culture, OoC, implants, wearables, and soft robotics.