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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring
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Probing Renal Microstructure and Function with Advanced Diffusion MRI: Concepts, Applications, Challenges, and Future

Julia Stabinska1,2, Hans-Jörg Wittsack3, Lilach O Lerman4,5

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Advanced diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) techniques offer improved assessment of kidney function beyond standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) models. These methods capture complex physiological processes for better understanding of renal microstructure and disease.

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diffusion kurtosis imagingdiffusion tensor imagingintravoxel incoherent motionkidneynon‐Gaussian diffusionrenal diffusion‐weighted imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Kidney diffusion MRI is influenced by microstructure and physiological processes like filtration and reabsorption.
  • Standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) models have limitations in assessing renal pathophysiology due to superimposed diffusion, perfusion, and flow.
  • This necessitates advanced diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) variants for comprehensive renal assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in renal DWI.
  • To highlight methodological approaches for renal DWI data acquisition and analysis.
  • To summarize the clinical applications of advanced renal DWI techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advanced DWI models including intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and non-Gaussian diffusion.
  • Discussion of hybrid IVIM-DTI approaches.
  • Exploration of how experimental parameters adjust the probed length scale in DWI.

Main Results:

  • Advanced DWI models can capture passive diffusion, microcirculation, compartmentalization, and tissue anisotropy.
  • These techniques offer a more nuanced understanding of renal tissue compared to traditional ADC models.
  • Applications in chronic kidney disease and renal allograft dysfunction are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced renal DWI methods are crucial for overcoming limitations of conventional techniques.
  • Further development is needed to fully realize the potential of these advanced imaging modalities.
  • Renal DWI holds promise for improved diagnosis and management of kidney diseases.