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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

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Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
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Enzyme function and evolution through the lens of bioinformatics.

Antonio J M Ribeiro1, Ioannis G Riziotis1, Neera Borkakoti1

  • 1European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, U.K.

The Biochemical Journal
|November 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzymes evolved over billions of years, and understanding their sequence, structure, and chemical functions is key. Integrating evolutionary paradigms and computational tools can map enzyme function and evolution comprehensively.

Keywords:
biological databasescatalytic sitesenzyme evolutionenzyme mechanismligand bindingprotein structure

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Enzymes are essential biological macromolecules that catalyze life's chemical reactions.
  • Knowledge about enzymes is dispersed across literature and databases, covering aspects like sequence, structure, and chemical functions (catalytic site, kinetics, mechanism, reaction).
  • Understanding enzyme evolution requires considering these distinct dimensions and their interplay with evolutionary processes.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of enzyme evolution necessitates integrating data on macromolecular properties and chemical functions.
  • Advanced computational tools, particularly in protein structure prediction, are vital for predicting enzyme binding, mechanisms, and reactions.
  • The future holds the potential for a complete mapping of enzyme function and evolution.