Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...

The Electron Transport Chain

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions

Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...

Antidotes

Antidotes

Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mitochondria-targeting by small molecules against Alzheimer's disease: A mechanistic perspective.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease·2024

Same author

Small Molecules Targeting Mitochondria: A Mechanistic Approach to Combating Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

Cardiovascular toxicology·2024

Same author

Targeting mitochondria with small molecules: A promising strategy for combating Parkinson's disease.

Mitochondrion·2024

Same author

Small-molecule redox modulators with anticancer activity: A comprehensive mechanistic update.

Free radical biology & medicine·2023

Same author

Correction: Impact of intravascular hemolysis in malaria on liver dysfunction: Involvement of hepatic free heme overload, NF-κB activation, and neutrophil infiltration.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2019

Same author

Withdrawal: Lansoprazole protects and heals gastric mucosa from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastropathy by inhibiting mitochondrial as well as Fas-mediated death pathways with concurrent induction of mucosal cell renewal.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum

Published on: December 4, 2015

Redox modulating small molecules having antimalarial efficacy.

¹Department of Chemistry, Gobardanga Hindu College, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal 743273, India.

Biochemical Pharmacology

|November 22, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New small molecules targeting parasite redox balance show potent antimalarial activity against drug-resistant strains. These compounds offer a promising strategy for novel malaria treatments and combination therapies.

Keywords:

Antioxidant enzyme Free radicals Malaria Oxidative stress Reactive oxygen species Small molecule

More Related Videos

Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

Published on: May 12, 2022

Author Spotlight: Identifying Compensatory Pathways in Malaria Parasites Containing Hypomorphic Allele of Essential Protein Kinases

Author Spotlight: Identifying Compensatory Pathways in Malaria Parasites Containing Hypomorphic Allele of Essential Protein Kinases

Published on: November 22, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum

Published on: December 4, 2015

Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

Published on: May 12, 2022

Author Spotlight: Identifying Compensatory Pathways in Malaria Parasites Containing Hypomorphic Allele of Essential Protein Kinases

Author Spotlight: Identifying Compensatory Pathways in Malaria Parasites Containing Hypomorphic Allele of Essential Protein Kinases

Published on: November 22, 2024

Area of Science:

Medicinal Chemistry
Parasitology
Drug Discovery

Background:

Malaria remains a global health threat, exacerbated by increasing drug resistance.
Effective antimalarial agents are urgently needed to combat prevalent and resistant Plasmodium strains.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify novel small molecules targeting Plasmodium parasite redox processes.
To evaluate the antimalarial efficacy and safety of redox-modulating compounds.

Main Methods:

Screening of small molecules designed to disrupt parasite redox balance.
Assessing activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains.
Investigating compound mechanism of action and cytotoxicity.

Main Results:

Several compounds demonstrated significant antimalarial activity (low micromolar IC50 values).
Compounds showed high selectivity, with low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells.
Mechanism studies confirmed disruption of parasite redox balance and induced oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

Redox-modulating small molecules represent a promising class of antimalarial agents.
Compounds exhibit potential for combination therapy to overcome drug resistance.
Further development is warranted for novel antimalarial therapeutics.