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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

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Telomere dynamics and reproduction.

LeRoy G Robinson1, Keri Kalmbach2, Olivia Sumerfield2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Fertility Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California.

Fertility and Sterility
|November 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reproductive aging in women is linked to telomere (T) attrition and oxidative damage in oocytes. This theory integrates oocyte aging features, explaining infertility and diminished ovarian reserve in conditions with short telomeres.

Keywords:
Telomeresembryosinfertilityoocytestelomerase

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Cellular aging
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Oocytes, the female germ cells, are postmitotic and age throughout a woman's reproductive life.
  • Oocyte aging mechanisms include oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein disruption.
  • A "production line" model suggests oocyte aging relates to fetal replication timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and integrate features of oocyte aging into a two-hit "telomere theory of reproductive aging".
  • To explain how telomere attrition and oxidative damage contribute to female reproductive aging.

Main Methods:

  • The study integrates existing knowledge on oocyte biology, telomere dynamics, and reproductive aging.
  • It examines the role of telomeres (Ts) as a "mitotic clock" and their sensitivity to oxidative damage.
  • It contrasts oocyte aging with spermatogenesis, which involves active telomerase.

Main Results:

  • Telomere attrition, a consequence of cell division, and oxidative damage affect oocytes.
  • Telomerase activity is limited during oogenesis, leading to short telomeres in oocytes.
  • Telomere attrition and telomeropathy are associated with diminished ovarian reserve and infertility.

Conclusions:

  • The telomere theory provides a framework for understanding oocyte aging and reproductive decline.
  • Short telomeres in oocytes may contribute to meiotic nondisjunction and infertility.
  • Further research is needed to explore telomere attrition as a marker of oocyte quality and its link to embryonic mosaicism.