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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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What is Weather?01:07

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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

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Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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Exploring changes of precipitation extremes under climate change through global variable-resolution modeling.

Wei Sun1, Jian Li1, Rucong Yu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu 610072, China.

Science Bulletin
|November 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Global warming intensifies precipitation extremes, increasing intensity and coverage. A new pseudo-global-warming (PGW) framework reveals how climate change impacts extreme rainfall events by analyzing multi-scale system interactions.

Keywords:
Climate changeMulti-scale system interactionPrecipitation extremePseudo-global-warming experimentVariable-resolution modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Meteorology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Understanding precipitation extremes' response to climate change is limited due to model deficiencies and complex multi-scale interactions.
  • Record-breaking precipitation events offer crucial case studies for assessing climate change impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changes in precipitation extremes under different climate scenarios using a novel pseudo-global-warming (PGW) framework.
  • To analyze the influence of multi-scale system interactions on extreme precipitation events.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a pseudo-global-warming (PGW) experimental framework with 60-3 km variable-resolution global ensemble modeling.
  • Analyzed changes in precipitation intensity, coverage, and total amount under warmer and cooler climate scenarios.
  • Investigated the role of large-scale water vapor transport, subtropical high, and mesoscale convective systems (MCS).

Main Results:

  • Precipitation extremes increased in intensity, coverage, and total amount by 24.3%-37.8% under a warmer climate.
  • Precipitation extremes decreased by 18.7%-56.1% under a cooler climate.
  • Warmer climates enhanced MCS strength due to increased water vapor transport from typhoons and subtropical high, intensifying extreme precipitation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PGW framework provides a viable approach for assessing precipitation extremes' response to climate change.
  • Multi-scale system interactions significantly influence extreme precipitation events under varying climate conditions.
  • Ensemble simulations combined with multi-scale interaction analysis are crucial for global climate change impact studies.