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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Self-processing and social functioning in autistic preschoolers.

Ruth M Ford1, Tracy McLean2

  • 1School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.

The British Journal of Developmental Psychology
|November 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In autism spectrum disorder (ASD) preschoolers, a stronger self-reference effect (SRE) in memory correlated with better social functioning. This suggests self-processing is linked to social skills even in early childhood.

Keywords:
ASDSREautismpreschoolersself-processingself-reference effect

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social communication deficits.
  • Impaired self-processing, indicated by reduced self-reference effects (SREs) in memory, is observed in older individuals with ASD.
  • The relationship between SREs and social functioning in young children with ASD is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between self-reference effects (SREs) and social functioning in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To examine whether SREs predict social functioning independently of other socio-cognitive abilities in young children with ASD.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 21 preschoolers with ASD and 20 typically developing preschoolers.
  • Participants completed tasks assessing self/other source memory (including SREs), verbal ability, imitation, and mentalizing after a self-performed task.
  • Parental ratings of social functioning were collected.

Main Results:

  • Preschoolers with ASD demonstrated a significant SRE, despite performing lower on socio-cognitive measures compared to controls.
  • The SRE significantly predicted parent-rated social functioning in children with ASD; larger SREs were associated with better social skills.
  • Socio-cognitive variables did not predict social functioning, and children with more pronounced autism traits showed no self-referential memory advantage.

Conclusions:

  • Self-processing, as measured by SREs, is related to social functioning in preschoolers with ASD.
  • The findings suggest that impairments in self-processing may be more evident in individuals with greater social difficulties within the autism spectrum.
  • Early assessment of self-referential memory may offer insights into social development in young children with ASD.