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Habit Formation Intervention to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors: A Feasibility Study
Diana R Feldhacker1, Moses N Ikiugu2, Heather Fritz3
1Diana R. Feldhacker, PhD, OTD, OTR/L, BCPR, is Founding Program Director and Chair, Department of Occupational Therapy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA; diana.feldhacker@dmu.edu.
Summary
This study shows that an occupation-based habit formation intervention is feasible and effective for improving self-management behaviors in adults with Type 2 diabetes. The intervention significantly enhanced habit strength and self-care across key diabetes management areas.
Area of Science:
- Occupational therapy
- Behavioral science
- Diabetes self-management
Background:
- Self-management of lifestyle behaviors is crucial for Type 2 diabetes management.
- Habit formation is an effective behavioral strategy, but its application in Type 2 diabetes interventions is understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an occupation-based habit formation intervention.
- To improve diabetes self-management behaviors in adults with Type 2 diabetes.
Main Methods:
- A single-subject design with 8 adults with Type 2 diabetes over 10 weeks of intervention.
- Individual telehealth sessions focused on nutrition, blood glucose monitoring, medication management, and physical activity.
- Measured diabetes self-care behaviors and habit formation using established metrics.
Main Results:
- Significant improvements in self-care behaviors were observed in 6 of 8 participants.
- Group changes in self-care behaviors were statistically significant (p < .001).
- Habit strength significantly increased across all four diabetes self-management domains (p < .001 or p = .001).
Conclusions:
- The occupation-based habit formation intervention is feasible for adults with Type 2 diabetes.
- The intervention shows promise for enhancing diabetes self-management behaviors.
- Highlights the importance of applying habit formation science in occupational therapy for chronic disease management.
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