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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

555

Current practice in intermediate risk differentiated thyroid cancer - a review.

Rosalia do Prado Padovani1, Fernanda Barbosa Duarte2, Camila Nascimento3

  • 1Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Rua Doutor Cesário Mota Junior, , 61 - SAO PAULO -CEP, São Paulo, 1221020, Brazil. rosaliapadovani@yahoo.com.br.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|November 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) management is complex due to heterogeneous recurrence risks. This overview aids personalized adjuvant therapy decisions, incorporating molecular analysis for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Differentiated thyroid cancerIntermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancerIodine radioisotopesNeoplasm recurrenceRadioactive iodine therapyTherapyThyroid cancerThyroid neoplasmsTreatment outcome

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) generally has an excellent prognosis, but some patients face recurrence or treatment resistance.
  • Personalized management strategies are increasingly adopted to optimize efficacy and minimize interventions.
  • Post-surgery risk stratification is crucial for guiding adjuvant therapy and follow-up intensity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review intermediate-risk DTC, focusing on criteria for adjuvant therapy decisions.
  • To highlight the role of molecular analysis in refining personalized patient management.
  • To address the heterogeneity and lack of consensus in managing intermediate-risk DTC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current guidelines and research on intermediate-risk DTC.
  • Analysis of risk stratification criteria and their impact on adjuvant therapy recommendations.
  • Exploration of the utility of molecular markers in intermediate-risk DTC.

Main Results:

  • Intermediate-risk DTC is a heterogeneous group with recurrence risks from 5-20%, lacking long-term data and consensus on adjuvant therapy.
  • Current guidelines recommend risk stratification but offer limited specific guidance for this intermediate group.
  • Molecular analysis shows potential for enhancing the accuracy of risk assessment and treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized approaches are essential for intermediate-risk DTC, considering diverse clinical and molecular factors.
  • Adjuvant therapy decisions require careful consideration of individual patient profiles due to category heterogeneity.
  • Further research and consensus are needed to optimize the management of intermediate-risk DTC.