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Related Concept Videos

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
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The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

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The labour market returns to sleep.

Joan Costa-Font1, Sarah Fleche2, Ricardo Pagan3

  • 1London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), United Kingdom; IZA, Germany; CESifo, Germany.

Journal of Health Economics
|November 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

More sleep boosts employment and earnings. A one-hour weekly sleep increase is linked to higher employment and wages, driven by improved productivity and mental well-being.

Keywords:
EmploymentMental healthProductivitySleepSunset times

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Area of Science:

  • Labor Economics
  • Sleep Science
  • Well-being Studies

Background:

  • Insufficient sleep is a growing public health concern.
  • The economic impact of sleep duration on labor market outcomes remains under-researched.
  • Understanding the link between sleep and work is crucial for individual and societal well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the labor market returns to sleep duration.
  • To quantify the impact of increased sleep on employment and earnings.
  • To identify the mechanisms, such as productivity and mental well-being, that mediate these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized longitudinal data from Germany.
  • Employed exogenous variations in sleep duration linked to time and local sunset times.
  • Applied econometric analysis to assess the relationship between sleep, employment, and earnings.

Main Results:

  • A one-hour increase in weekly sleep correlated with a 1.6 percentage point rise in employment.
  • A one-hour increase in weekly sleep associated with a 3.4% increase in weekly earnings.
  • Productivity improvements and enhanced mental well-being were identified as key mediating factors.

Conclusions:

  • Increased sleep duration has significant positive labor market returns.
  • Investing in sufficient sleep can lead to improved economic outcomes.
  • Mental well-being plays a crucial role in translating sleep into labor market success.