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Sox9 is associated with two distinct patterning events during snake lung morphogenesis.

Benjamin J van Soldt1, Brian D Metscher2, Michael K Richardson3

  • 1Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.

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|November 23, 2023
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Summary

Snakes develop elongated lungs using a common Sox2-Sox9 gene toolkit. This process involves two phases: initial lung bud elongation and later formation of respiratory surfaces, enabling adaptation to their unique body shape.

Keywords:
Epithelial differentiationEvo-devoLung developmentLung evolutionSnakeSox genes

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • Organogenesis requires innovative patterning strategies for species adaptation to diverse environments.
  • Snakes exhibit extreme visceral elongation, posing unique developmental challenges.
  • Understanding lung development in snakes offers insights into evolutionary adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental patterning strategies underlying lung formation in snakes.
  • To identify the molecular mechanisms involved in shaping the elongated snake lung.
  • To explore the role of the Sox2-Sox9 toolkit in snake lung organogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression patterns during corn snake lung development.
  • Focus on the roles of Sox2 and Sox9 in lung bud outgrowth and septae formation.
  • Comparative analysis with lung development in other species.

Main Results:

  • The corn snake utilizes a Sox2-Sox9 gene toolkit for lung development.
  • Lung formation occurs in two distinct phases: initial bud elongation and later septae network formation.
  • Sox9 expression is regulated differently compared to typical mammalian lung branching.

Conclusions:

  • The Sox2-Sox9 toolkit plays a crucial role in generating the unique two-compartment structure of the snake lung.
  • The identified patterning events are key to forming both respiratory and non-respiratory lung regions.
  • This study elucidates how developmental strategies overcome space constraints for physiological demands in elongated bodies.