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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches
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An update on visual prosthesis.

Kailyn A Ramirez1, Laura E Drew-Bear2, Maria Vega-Garces3

  • 1Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.

International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
|November 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review updates on retinal prostheses for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and other conditions. Commercialization faces challenges like long-term effects and funding, despite some devices showing promise.

Keywords:
Artificial visionRetinal prosthesesRetinitis pigmentosaStimulationVisual prostheses

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) cause vision loss.
  • Retinal prostheses aim to restore vision in patients with these conditions.
  • Technological advancements are driving the development of new visual implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and discontinued retinal and visual prostheses.
  • To examine new implants for indications like dry AMD.
  • To discuss future directions in retinal prosthesis technology.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalTrials databases.
  • Inclusion of articles on worldwide advances, clinical trials, and device status up to December 2022.
  • Systematic review of available evidence on retinal prosthetic devices.

Main Results:

  • Thirteen current retinal prosthetic devices identified, categorized by stimulation location.
  • Six devices have active clinical trials.
  • Four devices, including ARGUS II, have been discontinued despite FDA and CE mark approval.

Conclusions:

  • Several retinal prosthetic devices have demonstrated visual perception in humans and animals.
  • Commercialization is hindered by factors including long-term outcome assessment, validated measures, funding, and patient population.
  • Future research focuses on developing more biocompatible, safe, and effective devices.