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Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer
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Methane emissions partially offset carbon sink function in global wetlands: An analysis based on global data.

Peng-Fei Zhan1, Chuan Tong1,2

  • 1School of Geographical Sciences/School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = the Journal of Applied Ecology
|November 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Wetlands absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) but release methane (CH4). CH4 emissions partially offset CO2 uptake, with some wetlands becoming net greenhouse gas sources on shorter timescales.

Keywords:
CHcoastal wetlandinland wetland.net ecosystem exchange of COnet greenhouse gas balanceoffset

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Change Research
  • Ecosystem Carbon Cycling

Background:

  • Wetlands are significant atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks.
  • Anaerobic conditions in wetlands lead to methane (CH4) emissions.
  • The impact of CH4 emissions on the net carbon balance of global wetlands is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a global data analysis on the offset of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) by CH4 emissions in various wetland ecosystems.
  • To quantify the contribution of CH4 emissions to the overall greenhouse gas balance of wetlands.
  • To assess the long-term carbon sink potential of wetlands considering both CO2 uptake and CH4 release.

Main Methods:

  • Collected simultaneous measurements of NEE and CH4 flux from diverse global wetlands (inland and coastal).
  • Calculated CO2-equivalent flux (CO2-eq flux) using 100-year and 20-year global warming potentials for CH4.
  • Analyzed the net greenhouse gas balance across different wetland types.

Main Results:

  • All studied wetland types acted as atmospheric CO2 sinks, with varying NEE values (e.g., mangroves: -2011.0 g CO2·m-2·a-1).
  • CH4 emissions partially offset CO2 uptake, ranging from 14.0% to 64.9% (100-year scale) and up to 192.0% (20-year scale) across wetland types.
  • Some mangroves, peatlands, and non-peatland wetlands became net CO2-equivalent sources on a 20-year scale, but remained net carbon sinks over 100 years.

Conclusions:

  • Wetlands are crucial atmospheric carbon sinks, even when accounting for methane emissions over longer timescales.
  • Understanding and mitigating CH4 emissions from wetlands is vital for maintaining their carbon sink function and combating climate warming.
  • Effective management strategies are needed to preserve the climate regulation role of wetland ecosystems.