The Skin and Inflamm-Aging

With its unique anatomical location facing both the external and internal environment, the skin has crucial functions, including shielding the body from damage caused by ultraviolet radiation and chemicals, preventing water loss, acting as a primary barrier against pathogens, participating in metabolic processes like vitamin D production and temperature control and relaying information to the body through sensory and proprioceptor nerves. Like all organ systems, skin is known to undergo multiple changes with aging. A better understanding of the mechanisms that mediate aging-related skin dysfunction may allow the creation of targeted therapeutics that have beneficial effects not only on aged skin but also on other organs and tissues that experience a loss of or decline in function with aging. The skin is the largest organ of the body and can contribute to serum inflammatory mediator levels. One alteration known to occur with age is an impairment of skin barrier function; since disruption of the barrier is known to induce inflammation, skin may be a major contributor to the sustained, sub-clinical systemic inflammation associated with aging. Such "inflamm-aging" may underlie many of the deleterious changes observed in aged individuals. This review explores the role of age-related skin changes, skin inflammation and inflamm-aging.