Sex Differences in the Load-Velocity Profiles of Three Different Row Exercises.

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Exercise Physiology
• Sports Science

Background:

• Understanding the force-velocity (FV) profile is crucial for optimizing strength and power training.
• Sex-based differences in neuromuscular performance during resistance exercises are well-documented but require specific investigation in rowing movements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the force-velocity profile differences between men and women across three distinct rowing exercises: free prone bench row (PBR), bent-over barbell row (BBOR), and Smith machine bent-over row (SMBOR).
• To analyze how different relative loads (% of 1-RM) influence movement velocity in relation to sex and exercise variation.

Main Methods:

• Twenty-eight participants (14 men, 14 women) performed maximal dynamic strength assessments using PBR, BBOR, and SMBOR in a randomized order.
• A progressive loading test (30-100% of 1-RM) was conducted for each exercise, with mean propulsive velocity measured for all attempts.
• Linear regression and ANOVAs were used to analyze the relationship between bar velocity, relative load, exercise type, and sex.

Main Results:

• The Smith machine bent-over row (SMBOR) demonstrated significantly higher mean velocities compared to the bent-over barbell row (BBOR) for loads below 65% 1-RM, and compared to the free prone bench row (PBR) for loads below 90% 1-RM, in both sexes.
• Men consistently achieved significantly higher movement velocities than women across various relative loads (PBR 55-100% 1-RM; BBOR and SMBOR < 85% 1-RM).
• Significant differences in velocity were observed between exercises and sexes at lower relative loads (30-40% 1-RM).

Conclusions:

• Men generally exhibit higher movement velocities than women during upper-body rowing exercises, particularly at moderate to high relative loads.
• The exercise modality (PBR, BBOR, SMBOR) influences the force-velocity profile, with the SMBOR potentially allowing for higher velocities at submaximal loads.
• These findings highlight the importance of considering sex and exercise-specific biomechanics when designing rowing-based training programs for strength and power development.