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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

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Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

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Published on: June 21, 2017

Deformable Catalytic Material Derived from Mechanical Flexibility for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Fengshun Wang¹, Lingbin Xie¹, Ning Sun¹

¹College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters

|November 24, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Flexible catalysts with adaptable structures show promise for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Strain engineering and surface changes tune their activity, making them a hot research area.

Keywords:

Deformable catalytic material Hydrogen evolution reaction Mechanical flexibility Micro–nanostructures evolution

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Published on: July 28, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Deformable catalysts with flexible structures are emerging materials for chemical reactions, particularly the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Recent advancements position these flexible catalysts as a significant research focus.
Catalytic activity is tunable via strain engineering and surface reconfiguration, with surface curvature being critical for HER performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the self-adaptive catalytic performance of deformable catalysts.
To analyze the evolution of micro-nanostructures during the catalytic HER process.
To summarize design strategies for highly active catalysts leveraging mechanical flexibility in nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of literature on deformable catalysts for HER.
Analysis of micro-nanostructure evolution under catalytic conditions.
Summarization of design principles for flexible nanomaterial catalysts.

Main Results:

Deformable catalysts exhibit self-adaptive performance and dynamic micro-nanostructure evolution during HER.
Mechanical flexibility offers tunable catalytic activity through strain engineering and surface reconfiguration.
Surface curvature is a key factor influencing electrocatalytic HER properties.

Conclusions:

Flexible and deformable micro-nanostructures represent a promising frontier in electrocatalyst design for HER.
Further research can deepen the understanding of catalytic mechanisms in these advanced materials.
Challenges and future prospects in this field are outlined.