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Updated: Jul 10, 2025

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Gravitational Waves from a Core g Mode in Supernovae as Probes of the High-Density Equation of State
Pia Jakobus1, Bernhard Müller1, Alexander Heger1
1School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
Abstract:
Using relativistic supernova simulations of massive progenitor stars with a quark-hadron equation of state (EOS) and a purely hadronic EOS, we identify a distinctive feature in the gravitational-wave signal that originates from a buoyancy-driven mode (g mode) below the proto-neutron star convection zone. The mode frequency lies in the range 200≲f≲800 Hz and decreases with time. As the mode lives in the core of the proto-neutron star, its frequency and power are highly sensitive to the EOS, in particular the sound speed around twice saturation density.
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